According to Forbes Magazine in 2009, two out of three U.S. students graduate from college with student debt on their shoulders, the average bill topping $22,000. This doesn’t include the roughly half of these students who don’t graduate, but still have to pay off their debt. It’s easy to think it doesn’t matter who you owe the money to as long as you pay it back, but it’s not as black-and-white as that.
Student loans in the U.S. are classified as private or federal. Most experts agree that federal student loans are a better deal—they have lower interest, they have fixed rates (i.e. you’re safe from market fluctuations), and there are more of them to go around. Private student loans, on the other hand, charge 12% in interest—about twice as much as federal loans, and almost as much as some credit cards—and the rates are variable, which means they can change every six months or so depending on market indices. Plus there are no laws limiting how much banks can pad interest rates on student loans.
Payment options also differ between federal and private student loans. Federal loan officials have recently put a cap on monthly repayments proportionate to the borrower’s income, so you don’t have to starve paying hefty fees on an entry-level salary. You can also spread out payments over a longer period. Private student loans don’t always offer this option; most have a strict repayment period of 20 years. Mark Kantrowitz of FinAid, a student loan information website, says that even if you could extend the term to 30 years, your payments will shrink by less than 10%.
So why would anyone opt for a private student loan? The most common reason is that college fees are sometimes higher than what the government is willing to lend. Federal student loans only allow you to borrow $27,000 to $45,000 over four years, depending on whether you’re dependent or living on your own. But these days, that amount will cover no more than two years of college (if you’re lucky; in some schools that’s barely enough for a year).
If a private loan turns out to be your only option, make sure to read everything carefully. Published interest rates aren’t accurate; chances are there’s a lot of fine print under it. Before signing, make sure to get a written explanation of the terms, from the rate you will be charged to origination and closing fees (if any) and the mode of repayment. Better yet, consult your school’s financial aid office and get advice on what setup will work best for you.





